C #include

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The #include preprocessor directive is used to paste code of given file into current file. It is used include system-defined and user-defined header files. If included file is not found, compiler renders error.

By the use of #include directive, we provide information to the preprocessor where to look for the header files. There are two variants to use #include directive.

  1. #include
  2. #include "filename

The #include tells the compiler to look for the directory where system header files are held. In UNIX, it is \usr\include directory.

The #include "filename" tells the compiler to look in the current directory from where program is running.

#include directive example

Let's see a simple example of #include directive. In this program, we are including stdio.h file because printf() function is defined in this file.




#include<stdio.h>
 int main(){    
   printf("Hello C");      
   return 0;  
 }


Output:

Hello C

#include notes:

Note 1: In #include directive, comments are not recognized. So in case of #include <a//b>, a//b is treated as filename.

Note 2: In #include directive, backslash is considered as normal text not escape sequence. So in case of #include #include <a\nb>, a\nb is treated as filename.

Note 3: You can use only comment after filename otherwise it will give error.

Example

Let's look at an example of how to use #include directives in your C program.

In the following example, we are using the #include directive to include the stdio.h header file which is required to use the printf standard C library function in your application.




/* Example using #include directive by C programming */

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
   /*
    * Output "c programming began in 2018" using the C standard library printf function
    * defined in the stdio.h header file
    */
    printf("c programming began in %d\n", 2018);

    return 0;
}


In this example, the program will output the following:

c programming began in 2018

Header Files

This is a list of the header files that you can include in your program if you want to use the functions available in the C standard library:

Header File Type of Functions
<assert.h> Diagnostics Functions
<ctype.h> Character Handling Functions
<locale.h> Localization Functions
<math.h> Mathematics Functions
<setjmp.h> Nonlocal Jump Functions
<signal.h> Signal Handling Functions
<stdarg.h> Variable Argument List Functions
<stdio.h> Input/Output Functions
<stdlib.h> General Utility Functions
<string.h> String Functions
<time.h> Date and Time Functions



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